The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) is responsible for coordinating the implementation of these regulations with state pollution control boards and pollution control committees. The CPCB should also prepare an annual report on the application of these regulations on the basis of reports from national environmental protection agencies and committees. It is difficult to say whether there have been lessons from the past that have been incorporated into the new rules. They do not create incentives and impose a severe penalty for poor implementation. The regulations did not push for decentralized waste management, but encouraged centralized treatment such as waste-to-energy, which is currently not good in the country. The informal sector has also been seriously neglected in the new rules. The 2016 SWM rules introduced “extended producer responsibility” and made manufacturers of packaging products such as plastic, tin, glass and corrugated board responsible for their environmentally sound management. According to the new regulations, the landfill must be 100 meters from a river, 200 meters from a pond, 500, 200 meters from highways, residential areas, public parks and water supply wells and 20 km from airports/air bases. The emission standards will be completely changed and will include parameters for dioxins, furans, reduced limit values for particles from 150 to 100 and now 50. In addition, composting standards have been amended to bring them into line with the Fertilizer Control Regulation. Sanitary waste includes diapers, sanitary napkins, tampons and condoms.
According to the regulations, manufacturers of sanitary pads and diapers must consider the possibility of using all recyclable materials in their products, or they must provide a bag or packaging for the disposal of each towel or diaper with the packaging of their hygiene products. At the same time, brand owners should inform the masses about the packaging and disposal of their products. It is important to note that construction and demolition waste must be stored separately and disposed of in accordance with the Construction and Demolition Waste Management Rules, 2016. Similarly, horticultural or garden waste must be disposed of in accordance with the instructions of the local authority. According to the new regulations, it was recommended that biodegradable waste be treated, treated and disposed of as far as possible by composting or biomethanisation on premises and that residual waste should be handed over to waste collectors or the waste authority according to the instructions of the local authority. Developers of special economic zones, industrial zones, industrial parks must allocate at least 5% of the total land area or at least 5 plots/sheds for the recovery and recycling plant. The rules also state that non-recyclable waste with a calorific value of 1500 K/cal/kg or more must be used for energy production, either by FDRs that are not landfilled and can only be used for energy production, or by waste-derived fuels or by discharge as feedstock for the treatment of waste-derived fuels. High calorific value waste must be used for co-processing in cement plants or thermal power plants. The new rules now apply beyond municipal areas and include urban agglomerations, census cities, declared industrial communities, areas controlled by Indian Railways, airports, special economic zones, pilgrimage sites, religious and historical significance, and state and central government organizations under their jurisdiction. The Ministry of Environment, Forestry and Climate Change (MoEFCC) is responsible for the overall monitoring of the implementation of solid waste management regulations in the country in 2016.
When the rules were established, it was decided that MoEFCC should form a central monitoring committee chaired by the Secretary of the Ministry of Environment, Forestry and Climate Change. According to the new rules, the construction of landfills on hills must be avoided. Land for the construction of controlled landfills in hilly areas is identified in flat areas within a radius of 25 kilometers. However, in hilly areas, transfer stations and processing plants must be operational.